and up to 200 veteran fighters on the ground who coordinate logistics, including moving other extremists into southern Libya, Mali and beyond Sudan’s IS operatives recently announced on Telegram that they pledged allegiance to the organization’s new caliph, Abu Hafs al-Hashimi al-Qurayshi The presence of IS-aligned fighters in Sudan creates the

unlawful killings, arbitrary arrests, and the destruction of homes and livelihoods. Much of this has been officially justified as part of combating environmental crime, but many claim that it has been used as a means to repress, silence and stigmatize those exercising their rights While some campesinos and members of ethnic communities do engage in

reinforcing the historical power imbalances that have driven Colombia’s past conflicts and could well drive new ones, while the scale of environmental degradation has grown. By undermining and even criminalizing those who have sustainably managed the land for generations, the militarized approach not only deepens their marginalization but also th

From then onwards, the M?T would not only be an intelligence agency that collected and analyzed intelligence or co-operated with other services for clandestine operations. It would develop a paramilitary branch with its own direct action capability that would allow the MIT to operate independently in military theaters.30 This has enabled M?T to ope

particular rise of expanded terrorist and asymmetric threats. This necessitated an evolution in Turkey’s intelligence community, significantly influencing its foreign policy to align more closely with global counter-terrorism initiatives and regional dynamics. Integral institutions, such as the M?T, as well as other security and intelligence agen